Myeloma Treatment and Your Eyes: Research Reveals Hidden Risks

Multiple myeloma patients undergoing treatment can have eye-related complications. Medications such as dexamethasone (dex), bortezomib, and belantamab mafodotin have been associated with conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, and blurry vision. Despite this knowledge, little is known about the incidence of eye disorders in myeloma patients and their use of regular eye exams.

A recent study led by Rahul Banerjee, MD, at the Fred Hutch Cancer Center, used the HealthTree Cure Hub® Registry to analyze eye-related behaviors and side effects in myeloma patients. Researchers surveyed 582 myeloma patients, with an average age of 65.9 years and 36% being over 50. The survey explored how treatment-related eye conditions impact daily life and how frequently patients undergo eye exams.

Surprising Findings About Cataracts in Myeloma Patients

One of the most significant findings was the prevalence of cataracts, which was highest among those receiving high-dose dex. Key findings included:

• 63% of high-dose dex patients had cataracts
• 53% of low-dose dex patients had cataracts
• 51% of patients not on dex also had cataracts

Importantly, 43% of cataract cases were asymptomatic, meaning many patients were unaware of their condition. Among those affected, 7% reported limitations in activities like driving.

Understanding Glaucoma Risk in Myeloma Treatment

The study found no significant difference in glaucoma prevalence across different dex dosage groups. Glaucoma affected 7-11% of patients regardless of dex dose, with 8% of these patients reporting interference with daily activities.

Beyond Cataracts: Other Eye Conditions to Watch For

Blepharitis, a condition that leads to inflammation of the eyelids, showed interesting patterns:

• 23% of all patients reported experiencing blepharitis or styes
• 27% of bortezomib-treated patients had blepharitis, compared to 20% of those not treated with bortezomib
• 6% of patients with blepharitis reported limitations in their daily activities

Additional eye issues reported by patients included dry eyes (39%), orbital inflammation (2%), and retinal vascular occlusion (1%).

Want to learn more? Watch our exclusive webinar with Dr. Banerjee, discussing these findings in detail.

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Mind the Gap: Eye Care Awareness in Myeloma Treatment

Despite the prevalence of eye-related issues, the study revealed a concerning gap in awareness and preventative care. While 82% of MM patients reported seeing an eye specialist at least once per year, only 32% recalled receiving a recommendation from their oncologist to have routine eye exams.

Taking Action: The Importance of Consistent Eye Care

This study highlights the need for consistent eye care as part of multiple myeloma management. Since many eye conditions, such as cataracts and glaucoma, develop gradually and may be asymptomatic, routine eye exams are crucial for early detection and management. Patients should schedule eye exams annually, and oncologists should discuss eye health with patients.

By staying informed and proactive, myeloma patients can maintain better vision and overall quality of life.

Sources: 

• Myeloma Eye Health and Dexamethasone
• Ocular Complications Are Common in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Receiving Dexamethasone: Results of a Cross-Sectional Patient Survey