How Is Leukemia Diagnosed?

Diagnosing leukemia involves a series of tests and procedures to detect the disease, identify the specific type, and determine how far it has progressed. The process usually includes the following:

Blood Tests

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): This common blood test measures the number and types of blood cells. Abnormal levels of white blood cells can indicate leukemia.
• Blood Smear: A sample of blood is examined under a microscope to check for abnormal cell shapes and sizes, which may signal leukemia.
• Flow Cytometry: This test measures the size, shape, and quantity of blood cells, as well as the presence of specific markers that can help diagnose certain types of leukemia.

Bone Marrow Tests

• Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: A small sample of bone marrow fluid (aspiration) and solid bone marrow tissue (biopsy) is taken, typically from the hip bone, to check for leukemia cells.
• Cytogenetic Analysis: This test examines the chromosomes in cells from blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes to detect genetic changes that may indicate a specific type of leukemia.
• Immunophenotyping: This test identifies the type of leukemia by analyzing proteins on the surface of cells. It helps guide treatment decisions.

Imaging Tests

• Chest X-ray: An X-ray of the chest can show swollen lymph nodes or other signs of leukemia in the chest area.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan can detect enlarged lymph nodes or organs, helping to stage the cancer.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI provides detailed images that show the size and location of leukemia and can assist in diagnosing the extent of the disease.

Summary of the Leukemia Diagnosis Process

The diagnostic journey typically begins with a physical exam and a review of the patient’s medical history. Blood tests are often the first step, as they can reveal abnormal white blood cell levels. If leukemia is suspected, bone marrow tests help confirm the diagnosis and pinpoint the type of leukemia. Imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs provide further insight into how far the disease has spread. The results of these tests guide doctors in determining the most effective treatment plan.

See Your Test Results in One Place 

If you've undergone the tests mentioned above, keeping track of them all can be challenging. HealthTree Cure Hub makes it easier!

You can securely upload your medical records to our private database, allowing you to view all your test results in one place. With HealthTree Cure Hub, you can also track your lab results over time, identify important trends, and gain a clearer understanding of the progression—or remission—of your leukemia.

Connect My Records

Further Resources

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