What is Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) is a rare type of chronic leukemia that affects a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, specifically the large granular lymphocytes. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system, helping the body fight off infections and diseases. In LGLL, the body produces too many of these lymphocytes, which can crowd out other types of cells in the blood and bone marrow, leading to various health problems.

Types of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia

There are two main types of LGLL: T-cell LGLL and natural killer (NK) cell LGLL. Both types are named after the specific type of lymphocyte that is overproduced in the body.

T-cell LGL Leukemia: This is the most common type of LGLL. It involves an overproduction of T-cells, a type of lymphocyte that plays a key role in the immune response.
NK cell LGL Leukemia: This type of LGLL is less common and involves an overproduction of NK cells, a type of lymphocyte that can kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

Why Do People Get Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia?

The exact cause of LGLL is not known. However, it is believed to be related to genetic mutations that occur in the lymphocytes. These mutations can cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to an overproduction of lymphocytes. Some studies suggest that exposure to certain chemicals or radiation may increase the risk of developing LGLL, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.

It's also worth noting that LGLL is more common in people who have certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, it's not clear why these individuals are at a higher risk. Some researchers believe that the chronic inflammation associated with these autoimmune diseases may contribute to the development of LGLL.

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Types of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia

There are two main types of LGLL: T-cell LGLL and natural killer (NK) cell LGLL. Both types are named after the specific type of lymphocyte that is overproduced in the body.

T-cell LGL Leukemia: This is the most common type of LGLL. It involves an overproduction of T-cells, a type of lymphocyte that plays a key role in the immune response.
NK cell LGL Leukemia: This type of LGLL is less common and involves an overproduction of NK cells, a type of lymphocyte that can kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.