What Is Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia?

Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the overproduction of a protein known as monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) or macroglobulin. This overproduction of IgM leads to a thickening of the blood (hyperviscosity), which can cause a variety of symptoms including: weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and neurological problems such as vision changes and dizziness. WM primarily affects the bone marrow and can hinder its ability to produce healthy red and white blood cells and platelets.

Types of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia is a specific type of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and as such, it is not typically classified into subtypes. However, the disease can vary in terms of its severity and progression. Some individuals may have a slow-progressing form of the disease and may not require immediate treatment, while others may have a more aggressive form that requires immediate intervention. The specific characteristics of the disease can also vary, such as the level of IgM protein in the blood and the degree of bone marrow involvement.

Why do people get Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia?

The exact cause of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia is not known. However, it is believed to be related to genetic mutations in the cells that produce antibodies. These mutations cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the overproduction of IgM protein. Certain factors may increase the risk of developing WM, including age (it is more common in older adults), sex (it is more common in men), and having a family history of the disease. However, many people who develop WM do not have any known risk factors. It's also important to note that while WM is a type of cancer, it is not a condition that can be caught or transmitted to others.

Who gets Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia?

WM is almost twice as common in men as it is in women, and people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent may be at higher risk. Though there is no known inherited genetic factor, it is also common to see the disease occur within families. Recent data shows that the five-year survival rate for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is 78%. Nearly 4 out of 5 people live for at least five years after being diagnosed with WM. The WM survival rate has improved in recent years for many groups of people.