BETA - What are genetic sub groups in myeloma base? What testing is done to identify sub-group?

What are genetic subtypes? How are they defined? The study of cell lines by cytogenetics, interphase cytogenetics, metaphase cytogenetics rather, and gene expression allowed the broad classification of myeloma into six subtypes. So the 414, the 1416, 1420, 1114, and then cyclin D1 positive hyperdiploid and cyclin D2 positive hyperdiploid, which guns to my six. So those groups are important because they behave very differently. The 414 has 50% of those cases can be really quite aggressive and need specific treatment, respond well to proteasome inhibition. The 1114s respond very well to anti-apoptotic therapy with phonetoclax and would do very well with that when it becomes available. The cyclin D2 type tend to be more aggressive than the cyclin D1 type of hyperdiploid. And so there's a lot of nuances within the data that allows physicians really to try and personalise their therapeutic choices. And does everyone fit into one of those groups? Everybody, yeah. So that's why I say keep it simple. You could make many subdivisions of that, but there are six broad subtypes of myeloma and everybody fits into one of those.