Staying hydrated is an important part of multiple myeloma care and overall health. Your body needs water to control body temperature, support digestion, move nutrients through the body, and keep muscles and joints working well.
For people with myeloma, staying hydrated can also support the kidneys and replace water lost from treatment side effects. However, not everyone needs the same amount. How much you should drink depends on your kidney and heart health, treatment, side effects, and how well your body handles extra liquids.
Myeloma, dehydration, and kidney health
Your kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from your blood. Myeloma can put extra stress on your kidneys.
Myeloma cells can make proteins called light chains. These proteins can build up in the kidneys and cause damage. Myeloma can also cause bone to break down and release calcium into the blood. High calcium levels can lead to dehydration and put more stress on the kidneys.
Not drinking enough water can add to this stress. When you are dehydrated, less blood may flow to your kidneys. Your creatinine level may also rise. Creatinine is a waste product that doctors measure to check how well your kidneys are working.
Staying hydrated is one way to support your kidneys. But how much you need to drink depends on your health and treatment. Ask your healthcare team what daily amount is right for you.
To learn how kidney problems caused by myeloma are treated, read: What Is Myeloma Cast Nephropathy? Myeloma Kidney Risks and Treatment Options.
Treatment side effects can cause fluid loss
Some myeloma treatments can cause diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. These side effects can lead to a loss of fluids and electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals, such as sodium and potassium, that help your body work as it should.
Tell your healthcare team if diarrhea or vomiting continues or makes it hard to drink. They can decide if you need extra liquids or electrolytes to replace what your body has lost.
How can you tell if you are dehydrated?
Your healthcare team will use blood tests to check your kidneys. These tests may include your creatinine level.
You can also watch for signs that your body needs more water. Signs of dehydration may include:
Feeling thirsty
Having a dry mouth
Having dark urine
Urinating less often
Feeling dizzy, weak, or tired
Severe dehydration can cause confusion, fainting, a fast heartbeat or breathing, or being unable to urinate. Get medical help right away if you have these symptoms.
Talk with your healthcare team if you have signs of dehydration. Severe dehydration may need to be treated with intravenous (IV) fluids given through a vein.
More fluid is not always better
Drinking enough can help support your kidneys, but more is not always better. Some people have heart or kidney problems that limit how much liquid their bodies can safely handle.
Hydration needs may also change during certain myeloma treatments. For example, people receiving carfilzomib may receive extra fluids as part of treatment. However, too much can cause fluid overload, which may lead to swelling, weight gain, or trouble breathing.
Your care team can adjust how much you drink or receive based on your kidney function, treatment, and how your body responds.
Simple ways to stay hydrated
Water is a good choice for staying hydrated. Other options include sparkling or flavored water, milk or milk alternatives, and 100% vegetable juice. Try to limit soda, sports drinks, and other sugary beverages as your main source of fluids.
Try drinking small amounts throughout the day. Keeping a water bottle nearby may make it easier to remember to drink.
If treatment makes drinking hard, tell your healthcare team. They can help you find a safe hydration plan.
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