Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

This is the second article in the Understanding Cervical Cancer Guide. This guide was developed by the HealthTree Education Team and was last updated and reviewed on June 16, 2026

Cervical cancer begins when cells in the cervix grow out of control, forming a tumor or abnormal growth. These changes often cause the first signs and symptoms of cervical cancer. Signs are things that can be measured or seen by a doctor, like a tumor visible during an exam. Symptoms are things you feel in your body, like unusual bleeding or pelvic pain.

One of the most important things to know about cervical cancer is that early cervical cancer and precancerous cell changes usually cause no symptoms at all. This is why regular cervical cancer screening, including Pap tests and HPV tests, is so important. Screening can find problems before symptoms develop, when the cancer is most treatable.

When symptoms do appear, they may be easy to mistake for less serious conditions such as an infection, an irregular menstrual period, or irritation. If you notice any of the symptoms below, talk to your doctor. Many symptoms listed here have causes other than cancer, but any symptom that concerns you or does not go away should be evaluated.

What are the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer?

Unusual vaginal bleeding

• Bleeding after sexual intercourse. This is one of the most common early symptoms of cervical cancer.
• Bleeding between menstrual periods
• Bleeding after menopause
• Menstrual periods that are heavier than usual or last longer than usual
• Bleeding after a pelvic exam

Unusual vaginal discharge

• A watery, pink, brown, or bloody discharge that has an unusual odor
• Discharge that is heavier than usual
• Pelvic pain
• Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis that is not related to the menstrual cycle
• Pain during sexual intercourse

Symptoms that may mean the cancer has spread

• Difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or a frequent urge to urinate that is not caused by an infection
• Difficulty having a bowel movement or blood in the stool
• Swelling of one or both legs
• Pain in the back, legs, or pelvis
• Unexplained fatigue, weight loss, or loss of appetite

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, or notice changes to your health that concern you, talk to your doctor right away. Finding cervical cancer at an early stage gives you the best chance of successful treatment. Do not wait to see if symptoms go away on their own.