What are the biggest challenges to being able to offer effective immunotherapy options to acute myeloid leukemia patients?

What are the biggest challenges
to being able to offer

effective immunotherapy options
to AML patients?

A large challenge in AML to date,
in terms of immunotherapies,

we haven't found drugs
that are really effective

and we haven't found drugs
that are effective that offset

the different added toxicity that these

that these medications can cause.

So right now, we're trying to identify
markers and ways to predict

which patients
could respond to immunotherapy

and who are the appropriate patients
for that. Yeah.

So I think that it's a great question.

And I think that part of it is, you know,
part of the challenge really comes down

to being able to target the AML cells.

And so some of it is really
a matter of biology

and technology development and research
that's still, you know, kind of ongoing.

I, I, you know, I truly wish that,
you know, I want to number one,

I really want to make something as complex
and challenging and risk is bone

marrow transplant obsolete.

I think that would
we would love to do that.

But the reality is it's a huge component
of our treatments and will be,

I think, for some decades to come,
because there's just so important.

But ideally, we want immunotherapy
to be much more targeted and much safer.

And that processes
is, you know, is ongoing.

And ideally, of course, we even love
to make chemotherapy obsolete.

Right.

And I think that, you know,
we're doing that to some extent, you know,

with our therapies
being more and more targeted.

But if we in the future are able
to use the immune system in a smarter way

to really more specifically target
leukemia, get rid of it,

you know, that would be, of course, ideal.

But there's so much that has to happen
and so many challenges

in terms of how similar
these cells look to normal cells.

I should mention in our CAR-T cell trial
right now, for example,

we are really seeing that for our using
that, you know, ideally

and inclusion criteria for the trial
as a bridge to bone marrow transplant.

So even if we are wiping out, you know,
hopefully the bad cells,

even if we wipe out a lot of the good
cells, that's okay in that setting because

we have a plan in place to get the patient
to a bone marrow transplant.

So that's part of
the challenge is really distinguishing

the bad leukemia
you know, from the normal cells