What tests are required to be able to have a stem cell transplant? First of all, we do all the restaging for the myeloma because the transplant is supposed to be the last, the consolidation, right? So you know with the therapy you achieve a response, but then the chemotherapy is supposed to bring you down even deeper. And so we do testing to make sure that the patient is eligible for transplant. So we check the myeloma. We like to do the transplant if a patient has achieved at least a very good partial response. So at least a 90% reduction because remember we collect the patients themselves. So if we have a lot of myeloma, if we have a lot of marrow involvement, we are not going to be able to collect a good product. And then for safety, now the chemotherapy, the melphalan, is not end organ damage chemotherapy. So it will be a case report for patients developing cardiac toxicity, lung damage, liver. It can happen because patients have precondition. So we do, and they received chemotherapy before, so we do all the testing, the echocardiogram, we assess the cardiac function, the pulmonary function test, x-rays, all the virology to make sure they don't have an ongoing infection. So all this testing is called the pre-transplant preparation. And if we found that a patient having some cardiac issues, we refer the patient to the cardiology for clearance because the transplant is safe. A duke is an outpatient procedure. The mortality is really close to zero. I always say 1 to 2%. But if you send a patient to transplant with a lot of medical issues, that is a different story. So all these tests are done for safety. So I can give them the chemotherapy, and then they have a couple of weeks of recovery, and that it could be a stressful situation. So some patients, if they have lung compromises, because prior smoking, COPD, and then they develop an infection is not an easy complication. That's it. The test is called the pre-transplant preparation. We go through all the tests. And then if we need referring patients, we'll do that, cardiology, pulmonology, infectious disease. And then we prepare a package for the insurance, and we get the approval. They look all the tests for safety, and we get the approval after that. What are the names of the tests? So we do the pulmonary function test with a diffused lung capacity to measure the diffused lung capacity. We used to use other alkylator like Cytoxan to mobilize the stem cells. And so patients may develop what we call pneumonitis, which is an inflammation of the lungs. It doesn't happen very often with melphalan. But we need to treat it. So we do a pulmonary function test before and after. We treat with steroids. It's reversible. So we do an echocardiogram. Sometimes we do a cardiac MRI. We do pulmonary function test. We do chest X-rays. We do, of course, the imaging, the bone imaging studies, AKG. And then we do all the battery of viruses testing for hepatitis, prior infection, chronic infections. I remember having a MAGA test. A MAGA test? Yeah, we don't do that very often. We do echo. But this part of the cardiac evaluation. Sometimes we do a MAGA stress test. We do cardiac MRI a lot now. Can transplants be done as an outpatient procedure? Dr. Nelson-Chow established, you know, when he came in 96, this operation where, so we became probably one of the first to offer this type of procedure in the outpatient setting. And believe it or not, we also have a protocol where we do home transplant. So if you live in the vicinity, we have clinical trials where rather than you coming here, we come to you. The problem is that a lot of patients are traveling from the distance. So we have apartments close by. They stay. They are furnished and they are part of the transplant package. So they stay in the apartment and they come here in clinic every day. And the clinic is open seven days a week until 6 p.m. And if a patient develops a problem, a fever, we always have a bed in the unit. So they call, they come directly, they bypass the emergency room and they come and they are assessed by one of the physicians on call and determine if they need to stay in the hospital for a few days so that they can come back in the outpatient. The reason why we like it, because the recovery time is faster. The risk of hospitalized, you know, the nosocomial, the infection they acquire, the hospital acquiring infection is less because you are out now with the COVID. We had to struggle a lot. We did a lot of home transplant. We were going to the apartment of the patient rather than bring the patient here. But, you know, it's been working now for many, many years at Duke and it's safe. We also do allogeneic transplant in the outpatient setting, home transplant. So we, but you need to have a trained team. You know, we have a lot of APPs trained and then the physician on call for the hospital and one for the outpatient.