[Music] what are the two types of clonal evolution linear and branching is one of them considered more aggressive than the other when we talk about clonal evolution there's two main terms that are commonly used to describe them there's lineal clonal evolution or there's branching linear clonal evolution is stating that if you have a mutated cell with certain gene mutations as that cell divides it's going to acquire new mutations but it's still going to contain all of the previous mutations because it's going to form just almost like a snowball effect it's going to be acquiring new mutations without losing any old mutations that it had in branching mutation when the cell divides the new cells might have completely different types of mutations that the original cell did not have but at the same time it might not carry the mutation that the original cell had so branching mutation is more variable and it's going to give us more subpopulations of myeloma cells than if we do linear in linear you're always going to be just adding new mutations to the mutations you already have branching is more like a throwing up in the air and getting whatever mutations fall in that bucket and it could be something completely new or it could be something that you had before mixed with a bunch of new stuff there is two different situations where we can see one type of mutation compared to the other when somebody has myeloma and their disease is not controlled as those myeloma cells continue to divide they have the possibility of mutating and diversifying using branching uh clonal evolution where they're gonna have free range to kind of have more diverse mutations and some of the cells that are new might not have the old mutations and just form their own new family line of myeloma cells with its unique mutations when you have fewer amount of cells let's say somebody who's in remission since you have such few amount of cells there's a higher likelihood that you're going to be having linear clonal evolution because it's those that small amount of cells that is going to start acquiring new mutations and then eventually evolving into different subclones and more branching mutation whether one is more aggressive than the other that is something i cannot state and i think we need to do more studying because it's not so much as to that type of clonal evolution it's what type of mutations you're acquiring that makes your disease more [Music] aggressive