Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a group of rare, often chronic disorders characterized by high numbers of eosinophils in the blood or tissue, which can cause damage to organs. The exact cause of HES is unknown, but it can be associated with allergies, certain infections, and some forms of cancer. Treatment for HES is aimed at reducing eosinophil levels in the body and preventing organ damage. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition, the organs involved, and the patient's overall health.

1. Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are often the first line of treatment for HES. These drugs reduce inflammation and lower eosinophil levels. Prednisone is the most commonly used corticosteroid for HES. It is usually taken orally, but can also be given intravenously in severe cases. While corticosteroids can be very effective, they can cause side effects such as weight gain, mood changes, and bone thinning with long-term use.

2. Immunosuppressive Drugs

If corticosteroids are not effective or cannot be used, immunosuppressive drugs may be considered. These medications suppress the immune system, reducing the production of eosinophils. Examples include hydroxyurea, interferon alpha, and cyclosporine. These drugs can also have serious side effects, including an increased risk of infection, liver damage, and kidney problems.

3. Targeted Therapies

Targeted therapies are a newer type of treatment that work by targeting specific parts of immune cells. In the case of HES, these drugs target the eosinophils. Imatinib is a targeted therapy that has been shown to be effective in some cases of HES. It works by blocking a protein that stimulates eosinophil production. Other targeted therapies that may be used include mepolizumab and reslizumab, which are monoclonal antibodies that target and neutralize interleukin-5, a key factor in eosinophil growth and activation.

4. Chemotherapy

In severe cases of HES that do not respond to other treatments, chemotherapy may be used. This is usually reserved for cases where the HES is caused by a form of cancer. Chemotherapy drugs used for HES include vincristine and etoposide.

5. Stem Cell Transplant

In very severe cases, a stem cell transplant may be considered. This involves replacing the patient's bone marrow (which produces eosinophils) with healthy bone marrow from a donor. This is a risky procedure and is usually only considered if other treatments have failed and the patient's life is at risk.

Want to Learn More About Hypereosinophilic Syndrome?

Keep reading HealthTree for Hypereosinophilic Syndrome's 101 pages!

• What Is Hypereosinophilic Syndrome?
• How Is Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Diagnosed?
• How Long Will I Live With Hypereosinophilic Syndrome?
• What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome?
• How Is Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Staged And Classified?