Vulvar Cancer Symptoms

What are the early symptoms of vulvar cancer?

Vulvar cancer may cause noticeable symptoms, but early changes can be mistaken for common skin conditions, infections, or irritation.

Some people experience symptoms for months before receiving a diagnosis.

Common symptoms include:

Persistent vulvar itching

Itching that does not go away is one of the most frequently reported symptoms.

The itching may be constant or intermittent and can occur in one specific area of the vulva.

Although itching is commonly caused by noncancerous conditions, persistent or unexplained itching should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

A lump or growth on the vulva

Vulvar cancer may appear as a raised lump, bump, wart-like growth, or thickened area of skin.

The growth may be painless or tender.

Changes in vulvar skin color or texture

Cancerous or precancerous changes can cause the skin to appear:

• White, red, pink, brown, or darker than surrounding skin

• Thickened or rough

• Raised or irregular

• Unusually smooth or fragile

Some lesions may resemble eczema, psoriasis, or other skin disorders.

A sore or ulcer that does not heal

A persistent open sore or ulcer on the vulva can be a warning sign.

It may bleed, cause discomfort, or appear crusted.

Vulvar pain or tenderness

Some people experience burning, soreness, or pain in the vulvar area.

Pain may become more noticeable during urination, sexual intercourse, walking, or sitting.

Unusual bleeding or discharge

Bleeding unrelated to menstruation or a visible vulvar sore may occur.

Bleeding from the vulva should be distinguished from bleeding originating in the vagina or uterus.

What are symptoms of advanced vulvar cancer?

More advanced vulvar cancer may cause:

• Larger or painful vulvar masses

• Swollen lymph nodes in the groin

• Persistent pelvic or vulvar pain

• Difficulty urinating

• Changes in bowel movements

• Bleeding or discharge from an ulcerated tumor

These symptoms can also have causes unrelated to cancer.

When should you see a doctor?

Contact a healthcare professional if you notice a vulvar lump, persistent itching, unusual skin changes, or a sore that does not heal.

Symptoms that continue despite treatment for a presumed infection or skin condition deserve further evaluation.

A biopsy may be necessary to determine whether an abnormal area is cancerous.