What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm?

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of diseases that affect the bone marrow and lead to an increased production of blood cells. The signs and symptoms of MPNs can vary greatly depending on the specific type of MPN, the severity of the disease, and the individual patient's health status.Some people have symptoms even before diagnosis, while others develop them as the condition progresses. However, there are some common signs and symptoms that many people with MPNs experience.

Even when MPNs are considered low-risk, the burden of symptoms can be high and affect everyday functioning.

The Most Common Signs and Symptoms of MPN

Constitutional Symptoms: Whole-Body Effects

Some symptoms are triggered by inflammation in the body. MPNs cause higher levels of signaling proteins called cytokines, which are part of the immune response. These symptoms are more general but can significantly affect well-being:

• Fatigue: This is a common symptom in many types of MPNs. It can be due to the body's increased need for energy to produce extra blood cells, or it can be a side effect of treatments for MPNs.
• Weight loss: This can occur due to a combination of factors, including decreased appetite, increased energy expenditure, and the effects of treatments for MPNs.
• Bone or joint pain: This can occur due to the increased production of blood cells in the bone marrow, which can lead to bone pain. Joint pain can also occur due to inflammation caused by the disease.

Symptoms Caused by an Enlarged Spleen

When the bone marrow is no longer able to make enough healthy blood cells, the spleen may take over some of that function. As a result, it can grow larger. This condition is called splenomegaly. If the enlargement is considerable, it can give symptoms, and in some people, it can be perceived in a physical exam. 

• Easy bruising or bleeding: This can occur if the body doesn't have enough platelets (such as in ET), which can lead to blood clotting problems. Alternatively, if the body is not producing enough platelets, this can lead to bleeding problems.
• Shortness of breath: This can occur if the body is producing too many red blood cells, which can make the blood thicker and harder for the heart to pump. This can also occur if the body is not producing enough red blood cells, leading to anemia and decreased oxygen delivery to the body's tissues.
• Feeling full quickly after eating: This can occur if the spleen is enlarged, which is a common complication of MPNs. The enlarged spleen can press on the stomach, leading to a feeling of fullness.

The spleen’s enlargement is more common in myelofibrosis, but can happen in any MPN. 

Recognizing Your Symptoms 

Even though MPNs are chronic and may progress slowly, symptoms can appear early and reduce your quality of life. Managing symptoms is an important part of treatment. It can include medications, lifestyle adjustments, or supportive therapies aimed at improving daily comfort.

Your care team uses symptoms along with lab results to guide decisions about when to start or adjust treatment. Always tell your provider about any new or worsening issues, even if they seem unrelated to your condition. This can ensure you have a good quality of life and prevent symptoms from worsening. 

Seek Care For Your Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

If you or a loved one is experiencing any of the above symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention. While these symptoms can be caused by a variety of conditions, they can also be indicative of a myeloproliferative neoplasm. Early detection and treatment of MPNs can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options for MPNs can include: medications to reduce the production of blood cells, blood transfusions, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is recommended for monitoring the disease and adjusting treatment as needed.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, visit HealthTree's Side Effect Solutions tool. Here you can search for the symptoms you are experiencing and discover what has worked (and hasn't worked) for patients like you.

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