What are myelodysplastic syndromes risk factors?

What are MDS risk factors? So MDS risk factors, they're similar to AML, many of them, just aging. And that's hard because you want to get older, you don't want to die early. But just getting older, we have like mutations that some of them we were born with, there's germline mutations that we're starting to understand. But the majority of times it's something that's, you know, that occurs over time as our cells are going through their process, that just aging alone is a risk factor. But also like things in our environment, we know that pesticides, some of the pesticides, benzines, things that can be, that you're exposed to over time. I can think of one of my patients that was so healthy, but he had his own business for like 30, 40 years spraying for pesticides. And he had all of those classic cytogenetic abnormalities that went along with getting, like he had had chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which are also risk factors. And when a patient develops myelodysplastic syndrome or AML from their treatment from a prior cancer, we call that secondary. So having radiation or chemotherapy in the past is also one of those risk factors. And we're hoping to figure out like who was born with these germline mutations that might make them more prone to developing MDS or AML when they start treatment for a solid tumor. Because sometimes like in breast cancer, for example, if they have like a stage two or a limited stage breast cancer, you give them some additional treatment like radiation chemotherapy to reduce the risk of getting metastatic disease. And giving that reduces it by 2%. But if they had one of these germline mutations, you might increase their risk of developing MDS or AML by 5%. So it's kind of, I think, understanding the, you know, if they have one of these mutations at birth, whether that will predispose them, you know, whether they should get chemo or radiation.